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<TD class=header>DCMI Kernel Metadata Task Group</TD>
<TD class=header>J. Kunze</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class=header> </TD>
<TD class=header>A. Turner</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class=header> </TD>
<TD class=header>California Digital Library</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class=header> </TD>
<TD class=header>January 23,
2008 - <span class="style1">DRAFT V1.3</span></TD>
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<h1>Kernel Metadata/ERC and Dublin Core Application Profiles</h1>
<h3> </h3>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Kernel metadata (<a href="#KSPEC">[KSPEC]</a>) is a small prescriptive vocabulary designed to support highly uniform but minimal object descriptions for the purpose of orderly collection management. The Kernel vocabulary, based on a subset of the Dublin Core (DC) metadata element set, aims to describe objects of any form or category, but its reach is limited to a small number of fundamental questions such as who, what, when, and where. The Electronic Resource Citation (ERC) is a Kernel metadata-based profile, specifying requirements for representing Kernel metadata in any given object description. </p>
<p>This document comprises guidelines for representing Kernel metadata and ERC requirements, using Dublin Core Abstract Model <a href="#DCAM">[DCAM]</a>-based application profiles. </p>
<h3>Functional Requirements and Domain Model </h3>
<p>Kernel metadata is designed to assist orderly collection management by supporting the creation of brief but highly uniform object descriptions that can be listed, surveyed, and searched efficiently during normal collection maintenance and trouble-shooting activities. These descriptions serve as object surrogates that are convenient for automated sorting and filtering operations and are also eye-readable without specialized display software. The goal of Kernel metadata is to balance the needs for expressive power, very simple machine processing, and direct human manipulation of metadata records. </p>
<p>Kernel metadata is based on the Dublin Core (DC) metadata element set <A href="#RFC5013">[RFC5013]</A> maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative <A href="#DCMI">[DCMI]</A>. Kernel elements are descriptors that identify various object properties. In principle they apply to any object in the universe, whether digital, physical, or abstract, following in the tradition of <A href="#RFC3986">[RFC3986]</A>. This extreme diversity of objects is approached with the hypothesis that highly variable and rich object descriptions can be directly comparable at the level of about four fundamental elements — who, what, when, and where — as applied to the expression (i.e., publication, installation, performance, discovery) of the object. This sequence is a recurring theme in the Kernel. In anticipation of future extensions to "how" and "why", we refer to the first four elements as "the four h's" (what they all have in common is an initial aspirated "h" sound, which is also shorter to say than "w"). </p>
<p>Kernel-based descriptions make it possible to compare an extremely diverse set of objects. Comparison is possible even when many other elements co-exist with Kernel elements, or when a minor amount of information in other elements overlaps with Kernel element information. Regardless of whether an object is smoked, worn, navigated, or in any other way, interacted with, its Kernel based description ensures the presence of a few predictable points of commonality in the form of easily isolatable Kernel elements. Kernel elements provide a concise intersection of interoperable (or at least comparable) elements across a broad range of object descriptions. </p>
<h3>Syntax and Usage Guidelines </h3>
<p>Standard encoding methods such as <A href="#RDF">[RDF]</A> and <A href="#XML">[XML]</A> may be used to format ERCs and Kernel metadata. It is also possible to encode modified forms of Kernel element values using other methods, such as <A href="#MARC">[MARC]</A> or <A href="#MODS">[MODS]</A>, although some granularity of information may be lost in the process. For specific syntax and usage guidelines, refer to the Kernel metadata specification <a href="#KSPEC">[KSPEC]</a> and crosswalk to other encoding schemes <a href="#KMAP">[KMAP]</a>.</p>
<h3 id="head-b8ec269d34f306473fc59acd2f608629fb411042">Description Set Profile </h3>
<p>ERC requirements can be roughly mapped to Dublin Core Abstract Model <a href="#DCAM">[DCAM]</a>-based application profiles -- such as the Simple Dublin Core application profile <a href="#SIMPLEDC">[SIMPLEDC]</a> -- as outlined in the tables below (with some modifications to accommodate mappings to a few qualified Dublin Core elements). In principle, however, ERC requirements may be expressed through any formal Dublin Core application profile (such as for EPrints <a href="#EPRINTS">[EPRINTS]</a> or Dublin Core Collections <a href="#DCCOLL">[DCCOLL]</a>), with the following conditions:</p>
<ul>
<li>All four Kernel elements "who", "what", "when", and "where" must be present with no missing values; these four h's each have the coded synonyms h1, h2, h3, and h4, respectively. These four Kernel elements roughly correspond to Dublin Core elements, as described in the table below. If a best effort to supply a value fails, in its place must be given a standardized value based on the Kernel specification <a href="#KSPEC">[KSPEC]</a> indicating the reason for the missing value.</li>
</p>
<div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'>
<pre>
KERNEL ELEMENT SYNONYM DUBLIN CORE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION
* who h1 Creator/Contributor/Publisher
* what h2 Title
* when h3 Date
* where h4 Identifier (permanent)
about-who h11 Subject (personage)
about-what h12 Subject
about-when h13 Coverage (temporal)
about-where h14 Coverage (spatial)
about-how h15 Description
* A complete record requires a non-missing value for this element.
</pre></div><li>Some Kernel elements should contain values formatted in a particular manner. This formatting should carry over into any representation of the values in Dublin Core elements.
<ul>
<li>The Kernel assumes that most values, especially personal names given in "who", will be given in "sort-friendly" manner, for example, "lastname, firstname" for western names and natural word order for Chinese names.</li>
<li>The Kernel assumes <A href="#TEMPER">[TEMPER]</A> format for dates in order to express date ranges, lists, approximate dates, and BC dates (not possible, for example, with <A href="#W3CDTF">[W3CDTF]</A>. </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Creator</h4>
<hr>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>DC Property</td>
<td><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A responsible person or party</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>who (h1) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Comment</td>
<td>If no value is provided for Creator, use Publisher, and if no Publisher, use Contributor<br><br>
The Kernel assumes that most values, especially personal names given in "who", will be given in "sort-friendly" manner, for example, "lastname, firstname" for western names and natural word order for Chinese names.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="78">
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td width="184"><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Title</h4>
<hr>
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<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td width="209">DC Property</td>
<td width="528"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">http://purl.org/dc/terms/title</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>A name given to the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A name or other human-oriented identifier </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>what (h2) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h2">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p>Value (Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Syntax Encoding Scheme:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Language Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Date</h4>
<hr>
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<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td width="106">DC Property</td>
<td width="633"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/date">http://purl.org/dc/terms/date</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A date important in the object's lifecycle </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>when (h3) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h3">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h3</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Comment</td>
<td>The Kernel assumes <A href="#TEMPER">[TEMPER]</A> format for dates in order to express date ranges, lists, approximate dates, and BC dates (not possible, for example, with <A href="#W3CDTF">[W3CDTF]</A>. </td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p>Value (Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Syntax Encoding Scheme:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Language Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<p> </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<h3> </h3>
<h4>Identifier</h4>
<hr>
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<table frame="border">
<tbody>
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<td width="106">DC Property</td>
<td width="633"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier">http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A location or system-oriented identifier </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>where (h4) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h4">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h4</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p>Value (Literal) </p></td>
<td>
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<table frame="border">
<tbody>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Syntax Encoding Scheme:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Language Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Subject (Personage) </h4>
<hr>
<div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td width="124">DC Property</td>
<td width="618"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject">http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td>Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>The topic of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A person or party figuring in the information content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>about-who (h11) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h11">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h11</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;"> <td><p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Subject</h4>
<hr>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td width="124">DC Property</td>
<td width="618"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject">http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>The topic of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A subject or topic figuring in the information content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>about-what (h12) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h12">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h12</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Coverage (Temporal) </h4>
<hr>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td width="124">DC Property</td>
<td width="616"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal">http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A time period covered by the information content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>about-when (h13) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h13">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h13</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Coverage (Spatial) </h4>
<hr>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td width="124">DC Property</td>
<td width="616"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial">http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
<td>
Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A location or region covered by the information content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>about-where (h14) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h14">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h14</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;">
<td>
<p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table frame="border">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">
<p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p> </p>
<h4>Description</h4>
<hr><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td width="106">DC Property</td>
<td width="638"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">http://purl.org/dc/terms/description</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td>Literal?</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>An account of the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A description of the information content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>about-how (h15) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h15">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h15</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;"> <td><p>Value (Literal) </p></td>
<td><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Syntax Encoding Scheme:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Language Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><p> </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Publisher</h4>
<hr>
<div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td>DC Property</td>
<td><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher">http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td>Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td>
DC Definition</td>
<td>An entity responsible for making the resource available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A responsible person or party </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>who (h1) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Comment</td>
<td>If no value is provided for Creator, use Publisher, and if no Publisher, use Contributor.<br><br>
The Kernel assumes that most values, especially personal names given in "who", will be given in "sort-friendly" manner, for example, "lastname, firstname" for western names and natural word order for Chinese names.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;"> <td><p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3> </h3>
<h4>Contributor</h4>
<hr>
<div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td width="124">DC Property</td>
<td width="639"><a class="http" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor">http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);"> <td>
DC Literal?</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr> <td>DC Definition</td>
<td>An entity primarily responsible for making contributions to the resource</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Definition </td>
<td>A responsible person or party </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Mapping </td>
<td>who (h1) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kernel Property </td>
<td><a href="http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1">http://n2t.info/ark:/99152/h1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p> Comment </p></td>
<td>If no value is provided for Creator, use Publisher, and if no Publisher, use Contributor.<br><br>
The Kernel assumes that most values, especially personal names given in "who", will be given in "sort-friendly" manner, for example, "lastname, firstname" for western names and natural word order for Chinese names.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: skyBlue;"> <td><p> Value (Non-Literal) </p></td>
<td><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value URI Constraint</strong>: </p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p> disallowed </p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Vocabulary Encoding Scheme Constraint</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table frame="border"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><strong>Value String Constraint:</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p>Max occurrence</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Syntax Encoding Syntax Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong>: </p></td>
<td><p>disallowed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><p><em>Language Constraint</em>:</p></td>
</tr>
<tr> <td><p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p></td>
<td><p>optional</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</p>
<h3> </h3>
<h3>References </h3>
<TABLE width="99%" border="0">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="AACR2">[AACR2]</A></TD>
<TD>American Library Association, “<A href="http://www.aacr2.org/">Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules</A>,” 2007 (<A href="http://www.aacr2.org/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="DCAM">[DCAM]</A></TD>
<TD>Powell A. and M. Nilsson et al., “<A href="http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/">DCMI Abstract Model</A>”, June 2007 (<A href="http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="DCCOLL">[DCCOLL]</A></TD>
<TD>Dublin Core Collection Description Task Group, “<A href="http://dublincore.org/groups/collections/collection-application-profile/">Dublin Core Collections Application Profile</A>”, March 2007 (<A href="http://dublincore.org/groups/collections/collection-application-profile/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="DCMI">[DCMI]</A></TD>
<TD>Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, “<A href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">DCMI Metadata Terms</A>”, December 2006 (<A href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="EPRINTS">[EPRINTS]</A></TD>
<TD>Allinson, J. and A. Powell, “<A href="http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Eprints_Application_Profile">EPrints Application Profile</A>”, 2007 (<A href="http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Eprints_Application_Profile">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="KMAP">[KMAP]</A></TD>
<TD>Kunze, J. and A. Turner, “<A href="http://dublincore.org/kernelwiki/FrontPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=KernelMapXwalk.htm">Mapping and Crosswalk: Kernel Metadata to Dublin Core, MARC21, MODS, and VRA Core</A>”, September 2007 (<A href="http://dublincore.org/kernelwiki/FrontPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=KernelMapXwalk.htm">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="KSPEC">[KSPEC]</A></TD>
<TD>Kunze, J. and A. Turner, “<A href="http://dublincore.org/kernelwiki/FrontPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Kernel1_1.html">Kernel Metadata and Electronic Resource Citations (ERCs)</A>”, October 2007 (<A href="http://dublincore.org/kernelwiki/FrontPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Kernel1_1.html">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="MARC">[MARC]</A></TD>
<TD>Library of Congress, “<A href="http://www.loc.gov/marc/">Machine Readable Cataloguing</A>,” 2007 (<A href="http://www.loc.gov/marc/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="MODS">[MODS]</A></TD>
<TD>Library of Congress, “<A href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/">Metadata Object Description Schema</A>,” June 2006 (<A href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="RDF">[RDF]</A></TD>
<TD>W3C, “<A href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">Resource Description Framework</A>”, 2004 (<A href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="SIMPLEDC">[SIMPLEDC]</A></TD>
<TD>Enoksson, F., “<A href="http://knowware.nada.kth.se/DCWiki/SimpleDublinCore">Simple Dublin Core: an Application Profile</A>,” September 2007 (<A href="http://knowware.nada.kth.se/DCWiki/SimpleDublinCore">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="TEMPER">[TEMPER]</A></TD>
<TD>Blair, C. and J. Kunze, “<A href="http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/ark/temperspec.pdf">Temporal Enumerated Ranges</A>,” August 2007 (<A href="http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/ark/temperspec.pdf">PDF</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="W3CDTF">[W3CDTF]</A></TD>
<TD>W3C, “<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">Date and Time Formats (W3C profile of ISO8601)</A>”, September 1997 (<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="XML">[XML]</A></TD>
<TD>W3C, “<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)</A>,” August 2006 (<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="RFC5013">[RFC5013]</A></TD>
<TD>Kunze, J. and T. Baker, “<A href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc5013.txt">The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set</A>,” RFC 5013, August 2007 (<A href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc5013.txt">HTML</A>).</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign="top"><A name="RFC3986">[RFC3986]</A></TD>
<TD>Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, “<A href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3986.txt">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</A>,” STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005 (<A href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3986.txt">TXT</A>, <A href="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/html/rfc3986.html">HTML</A>, <A href="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/xml/rfc3986.xml">XML</A>).</TD>
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<h3>Revision History </h3>
<ul>
<li>Version 1.1
<ul>
<li>Changed title (formerly "Kernel metadata/ERC application profile for Dublin Core")</li>
<li>Clarified the phrase "expression of object" in <strong>Functional Requirements and Domain Model </strong>section. </li>
<li>Corrected Subject kernel mapping to "about-what" (formerly was incorrect: "about-who"). </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Version 1.2
<ul>
<li>Added grey table and verbiage to indicate that at least <em>one</em> Creator, Contributor, or Publisher element is mandatory in any given metadata record (see "Description Set Profile" section). Not sure how to best do this within the tables that follow the section. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Version 1.3
<ul>
<li>Added specific Kernel Property URIs (with hotlinks) for all elements in <strong>Description Set Profile</strong> section. </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Notes </h3>
<ul>
<li>Check and modify value constraints vis-a-vis Simple Dublin Core application profile <a href="#SIMPLEDC">[SIMPLEDC]</a><ul><li>Determine how to best specify requirement that at least <em>one</em> Creator, Contributor, or Publisher element is mandatory -- without making all of them optional.</li>
<li>Determine how to best specify mappings for Coverage (Spatial) and Coverage (Temporal), which are not defined in the Simple Dublin Core application profile. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Ongoing discussion points:
<ul>
<li>Bill reiterated that we need to clarify whether we are creating an application profile for the ERC or the Kernel or both. Discussion resulted in an understanding that the mapping must comprehend constraint and/or prescription from both; the Kernel dictates value rules for any Kernel elements that appear while the ERC dictates that "this object description will contain four specific Kernel elements at a minimum"; it is not yet clear what impact this has on this document or on naming (eg, should we be working on an "ERC application profile " instead of a "Kernel Application profile"?)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
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