Revisions to DCMI Metadata Terms
Table of contents
- About the revisions
- Types of revisions
- Revisions, term by term
References
The document proposes a set of editorial revisions
to terms in the set of DCMI Metadata Terms [DCTERMS]. The changes are
summarized in Section 2 and detailed, term by term, in
Section 3. This document should be considered in conjunction
with a separate but related document, "Domains and Ranges
for DCMI Properties", which describes a set of classes
and their use as domains and ranges of DCMI properties
[DOMAINS].
This document follows on an earlier revision of terms
in the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES)
[DCMES-CHANGES], which was undertaken in
order to clarify intended semantics and bring the wording of
definitions and usage comments into line with the language
of the DCMI Abstract Model [DCAM].
The changes described here will be published in
revised versions of the Web documents "DCMI Metadata
Terms" [DCTERMS] and "DCMI
Metadata Terms: A complete historical record" [DCTERMS-HISTORY].
All of the changes described here have been evaluated by
the DCMI Usage Board in light of the DCMI Namespace Policy
[NAMESPACE]. The namespace policy
says that DCMI terms are identified using Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URIs). In accordance with the principle that
distinct URIs should be assigned to distinct resources, the
policy sets limits on the range of editorial changes that
may allowably be made to the official labels, definitions,
and usage comments associated with DCMI terms. By policy, any
changes of meaning judged "likely to have a substantial impact
on either machine processing of DCMI terms or the functional
semantics of the terms" must trigger the creation of a new,
distinct term with a new, distinct URI.
In the opinion of the Usage Board, the changes described in
this document are unlikely to have a substantial impact on
either machine processing of DCMI terms or the functional
semantics of the terms -- i.e., they fall within the
allowable range of editorial change. The changes constitute
clarifications of term semantics in light of improved
theoretical understanding, user feedback, and implementation
experience. They are intended to provide the final twist of
the lens that brings intended meanings more sharply into focus.
Free-standing descriptive labels
When terms such as dcterms:available were
first coined as "Dublin Core qualifiers" in 2000 [QUALIFIERS], it was not clear whether
qualifiers were intended to be used like adjectives -- i.e.,
in conjunction with the Dublin Core elements they modified
-- or like nouns (i.e., as elements in their own right).
The labels assigned at the time, such as "Available",
pointed to the former approach, but DCMI grammatical
principles, and later the DCMI Abstract Model, ratified
the latter approach. The terms dcterms:alternative,
dcterms:available, dcterms:created, dcterms:issued,
dcterms:modified, dcterms:valid, dcterms:spatial, and
dcterms:temporal have been re-named with free-standing
labels such as "Date Created" (instead of just "Created")
and "Alternative Title" instead of just "Alternative").
The phrase "content of the resource"
As described in [DCMES-CHANGES], wordings
which distinguish the "content of" a resource have been revised
to refer directly to a resource. In the current batch, this
change is relevant to the definitions of: dcterms:abstract,
dcterms:tableOfContents, dcterms:isFormatOf, dcterms:hasFormat,
dcterms:spatial, dcterms:temporal, dcterms:DCMIType, and
dcterms:requires.
The phrase "reference to a resource"
Definitions
which specify encoding practice with phrases such as
"reference to a resource" have been revised as described in
[DCMES-CHANGES]. This change is relevant
to the definition of dcterms:conformsTo. Note, however,
that the definition of dcterms:bibliographicCitation remains
"A bibliographic reference for the resource".
The phrase "use a controlled vocabulary"
It is now generally recommended that controlled vocabularies
be used in metadata, so specific usage advice along these lines
has been removed from the comments for dcterms:accrualMethod,
dcterms:accrualPeriodicity, and dcterms:accrualPolicy.
Types of "encoding schemes"
The revised DCMI
Abstract Model [DCAM] draws a clear
distinction between Vocabulary Encoding Schemes and Syntax
Encoding Schemes. Existing terms hitherto classified as
"encoding schemes" have been designated in this batch of
revisions, more specifically, as Vocabulary Encoding Schemes
(dcterms:DCMIType, dcterms:DDC, dcterms:IMT, dcterms:LCC,
dcterms:LCSH, dcterms:MESH, dcterms:NLM,
dcterms:TGN, and dcterms:UDC) or Syntax Encoding Schemes
(dcterms:Box, dcterms:ISO3166, dcterms:ISO639-2,
dcterms:Period, dcterms:Point, dcterms:RFC1766,
dcterms:RFC3066, dcterms:RFC4646, dcterms:URI, and dcterms:W3CDTF).
Encoding scheme definitions
In accordance with the differentiation of encoding schemes
into Vocabulary Encoding Schemes and Syntax Encoding Schemes,
the Usage Board has revised their definitions to make clear
how the encoding schemes are being seen and interpreted from
a modeling point of view. Vocabulary Encoding Schemes are interpreted
variously as sets of:
- concepts (dcterms:LCSH, dcterms:MESH)
- conceptual resources (dcterms:DDC, dcterms:LCC, dcterms:UDC, dcterms:DCMIType, dcterms:NLM)
- media types (dcterms:IMT)
- places (dcterms:TGN)
Syntax Encoding Schemes are interpreted variously as sets of:
- codes (dcterms:ISO639-2, dcterms:ISO3166)
- tags (dcterms:RFC1766, dcterms:RFC3066, dcterms:RFC4646)
- identifiers (dcterms:URI)
- points in space (dcterms:Point)
- regions in space (dcterms:Box)
- time intervals (dcterms:Period)
- dates and times (dcterms:W3CDTF)
A thorough discussion of these interpretations is beyond the
scope of this document.
Definitions versus Comments
Parts of
some term Definitions have been moved into Comments
(see dcterms:isVersionOf, dcterms:dateAccepted, and
dcterms:dateSubmitted).
Relation of a property to a "described resource"
Some definitions have revised to make
clear how a property relates to the "described resource"
(dcterms:instructionalMethod, dcterms:isVersionOf,
dcterms:isReplacedBy, dcterms:replaces, dcterms:isRequiredBy,
dcterms:requires, dcterms:isPartOf, dcterms:hasPart,
dcterms:isReferencedBy, dcterms:references, dcterms:isFormatOf,
and dcterms:hasFormat).
References to IETF Requests for Comment (RFCs)
Some term declarations make reference to "Request for Comment"
(RFC) standards maintained by The Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF). When RFC standards are updated, their numbers
change, and the newer standard (with a higher number) obsoletes
the older standard. In this batch of revisions, references to RFCs
have been updated:
- for dcterms:URI, RFC 2396 has been obsoleted by RFC 3986
- for dcterms:language, RFC 3066 has been obsoleted by RFC 4646
Updates to existing DCMI Syntax Encoding Schemes for RFCs and ISO standards
The first batch of "Dublin Core Qualifiers" of July
2000 included encoding schemes for RFC 1766 (tags for
the identification of languages), ISO 639-2 (codes for the
representation of names of languages), and ISO 3166 (codes for
the representation of names of countries). An encoding scheme
for RFC 3066 (which obsoleted RFC 1766) was added in 2002.
Although the Usage Board currently prefers to encourage
standardization communities to assign URIs to properties and
encoding schemes on their own authority, the Board has taken
a pragmatic stance towards identifying standards related
to the RFCs and ISO standards identified with existing DCMI
encoding schemes. This current batch therefore includes new
syntax encoding schemes for RFC 4646 (which obsoletes RFC
3066) and ISO 639-3 (codes for the representation of names
of languages).
Revisions in response to the five-year review for
NISO Z39.85-2007
A five-year review of ANSI/NISO Z39.85 (The
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set) resulted in the
revised standard ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2007 in May 2007 [NISOZ39-85]. Minor changes of
wording undertaken in response to comments received through
the ANSI/NISO process have been included in this document
(see dcterms:source, dcterms:subject, dcterms:language,
and dcterms:coverage). In response to the comment that
the Comment for dcterms:title was potentially misleading,
the Usage Board decided to delete the comment altogether.
The statement "qualifies:"
When "Dublin Core qualifiers" were first published
in 2000 [QUALIFIERS], encoding
schemes were associated with specific elements -- e.g.,
dcterms:LCSH was considered to be a qualifier for dc:subject.
In light of subsequent work on the DCMI model, however,
the association between a property and a Vocabulary Encoding
Scheme or Syntax Encoding Scheme is now seen as something more
appropriately declared in an application profile than in the
formal declaration of a vocabulary. "Qualifies:" statements
have therefore been removed from the term descriptions for
dcterms:DDC, dcterms:LCC, dcterms:UDC, dcterms:DCMIType,
dcterms:IMT, dcterms:ISO639-2, dcterms:RFC1766, dcterms:URI,
dcterms:Point, dcterms:ISO3166, dcterms:Box, dcterms:TGN,
dcterms:Period, dcterms:W3CDTF, dcterms:RFC3066, dcterms:NLM,
dcterms:LCSH, and dcterms:MESH. Methods for the formal
expression of such an association in the RDF schemas published
by DCMI were never finalized as a DCMI Recommendation [DCQ-RDF] and have since been superseded
by new guidelines for expressing Dublin Core metadata in
RDF [DC-RDF], as discussed in "Notes
on DCMI specifications for Dublin Core metadata in RDF"
[DC-RDF-NOTES].
SubjectScheme and other "undeclared" members of the TERMS namespace
It is worth noting that since March 2000, seven classes
with URIs based on http://purl.org/dc/terms/ (the "TERMS"
namespace) have been used in RDF schemas published by DCMI.
These classes were dcterms:DateScheme, dcterms:FormatScheme,
dcterms:IdentifierScheme, dcterms:LanguageScheme,
dcterms:SpatialScheme, dcterms:SubjectScheme, and
dcterms:TypeScheme. These classes were added to the RDF
expressions on the basis of "qualfies:" statements (see
above) as part of an automatic routine for generating updated
documentation for DCMI terms. At the time, the classes served
to associate a set of encoding schemes with a particular
property (e.g., to associate dcterms:LCSH with dc:subject).
Since the terms were never officially declared (outside
of their undocumented use in the RDF schemas), DCMI does
not consider them to fall under the DCMI Namespace Policy
[NAMESPACE]. With the removal of
the "qualifies:" statements and the revision of guidelines
for expressing Dublin Core metadata in RDF (see above),
these undeclared classes will cease to be used in DCMI term
declarations.
New terms related to the DCMI Abstract Model
As described in the revised DCMI Namespace Policy [NAMESPACE], a DCMI namespace has been
created as the base URI for terms used in the DCMI Abstract
Model (http://purl.org/dc/dcam/, here dcam:). Two new dcam:
terms -- dcam:memberOf and dcam:VocabularyEncodingScheme
-- have been created with the finalization of the revised
DCMI Abstract Model as a DCMI Recommendation in June 2007
[DCAM].
The Vocabulary Encoding Scheme
"DCMI Type Vocabulary" and its member terms
As of January 2008, member terms of the DCMI Type
Vocabulary, such as dcmitype:Collection, are classes
(rdfs:Class), and these classes are "members of" the
DCMI Type Vocabulary, a Vocabulary Encoding Scheme.
The relationship between the DCMI Type Vocabulary
and its member terms has evolved over the past seven
years as the model underlying Dublin Core metadata has
been formalized in the current DCMI Abstract Model.
The set of Dublin Core Qualifiers published in July
2000 included twenty Encoding Schemes -- a type of
term defined in terms of its use to "identify schemes
that aid in the interpretation of an element value".
The RDF schemas at the time went further, declaring all
encoding schemes as classes (rdfs:Class).
The terms of the DCMI Type Vocabulary (such as
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Collection) were first
published in 2000 as a "list of approved terms that
may be used as values for the Resource Type element".
In 2003 the terms were listed as "Vocabulary Terms" --
a "type of term" defined in the legacy specification
"DCMI Grammatical Principles" as indicating "that the
value is a term from a controlled vocabulary, such as
the value 'China - History' from the Library of Congress
Subject Headings" [PRINCIPLES].
The RDF schema representation declared the member terms
of the Type Vocabulary as "classes" (rdfs:Class) and
declared these classes to be instances of the class
"DCMI Type Vocabulary" (rdf:type dcterms:DCMIType).
Since 2007, the DCMI Abstract Model applies the
principle that a resource of any type may be a member of a
Vocabulary Encoding Scheme. The Abstract Model introduces
the property "Member Of" (dcam:memberOf) to express the
relationship between a resource and a Vocabulary Encoding
Scheme (dcam:VocabularyEncodingScheme), now defined
as "An enumerated set of resources". (The DCMI Type
Vocabulary may therefore be described as an enumerated
set of classes.)
In the RDF schemas of January 2008, assertions
that member terms of the DCMI Type Vocabulary are
"instances of" an Encoding Scheme (interpreted as
rdfs:Class) have been replaced by assertions that the
terms are "members of" a Vocabulary Encoding Scheme
(dcam:VocabularyEncodingScheme).
Addition of domains and ranges for existing properties and creation of new properties
A separate document, "Domains and ranges for DCMI
properties" [DOMAINS], proposes
a vocabulary of classes for use as formal domains and
ranges of DCMI properties. Domains and ranges specify --
in a form usable for inferencing -- what kind of described
resources and value resources are associated with a given
property. The assignment of formal domains and ranges
makes the meanings implicit in natural-language definitions
available for machine processing.
So as not to affect the conformance of existing
implementations of Simple Dublin Core in RDF, domains and
ranges have not been specified for the fifteen properties
of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES), Version
1.1, which are identified by URIs in the DCMI namespace
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/. Rather, fifteen new
properties with "names" identical to those of DCMES
Version 1.1 have been created in the DCMI namespace
http://purl.org/dc/terms/. These fifteen new properties
have been declared to be subproperties of the corresponding
properties in DCMES Version 1.1 and assigned domains and
ranges as outlined in this document.
Subproperty relations between terms in "the Dublin
Core"
In the early years of "the Dublin Core", it was noticed
that some of the fifteen elements could be seen as fitting
semantically within the scope of others (e.g., "source" as
just a specialized type of "relation"). Because "elements"
were seen as typologically distinct from "qualifiers", however,
it was problematic to express such semantic relations formally.
As the DCMI Abstract Model no longer makes such a typological
distinction, the current batch of revisions includes
formal assertions that dcterms:creator is a subproperty of
dcterms:contributor and that dcterms:source is a subproperty
of dcterms:relation. As with the assignment of domains and
ranges, these assertions are made only for properties newly
created in the namespace http://purl.org/dc/terms/. So as
not to affect the conformance of existing implementations,
no such assertions are made for the existing properties of
DCMES Version 1.1.
Comments deleted
In addition to the Comment for dcterms:title, various other
Comments were found to be no longer useful and simply deleted
(dcterms:audience, dcterms:license dcterms:rightsHolder,
dcterms:accrualMethod, dcterms:accrualPeriodicity,
dcterms:accrualPolicy).
Special cases
Editorial revision has sometimes involved deciding
among different possible interpretations of terms (e.g.,
dcterms:educationLevel) and making minor clarifications of
wording too subtle to merit separate explanations (e.g.,
dcterms:accessRights). Section 3 lists old and new versions
side-by-side so that readers may judge the differences for
themselves.
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
|
| Current definition |
A resource from which the described resource is derived. |
| New definition |
A related resource from which the described resource is derived. |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/coverage
|
| Current comment |
Spatial topic may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal period may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. |
| New comment |
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. |
|
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 3066 [RFC3066]. |
| Current see also |
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt |
| New comment |
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646]. |
| New see also |
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4646.txt |
|
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject
|
| Current comment |
Typically, the topic will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. To describe the spatial or temporal topic of the resource, use the Coverage element. |
| New comment |
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. To describe the spatial or temporal topic of the resource, use the Coverage element. |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/audience
|
| Current comment |
A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/alternative
|
| Current label |
Alternative |
| Current definition |
Any form of the title used as a substitute or alternative to the formal title of the resource. |
| Current comment |
This qualifier can include Title abbreviations as well as translations. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title |
| New label |
Alternative Title |
| New definition |
An alternative name for the resource. |
| New comment |
The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/title |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/tableOfContents
|
| Current definition |
A list of subunits of the content of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description |
| New definition |
A list of subunits of the resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/description |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract
|
| Current definition |
A summary of the content of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description |
| New definition |
A summary of the resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/description |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
|
| Current label |
Created |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New label |
Date Created |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/valid
|
| Current label |
Valid |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New label |
Date Valid |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/available
|
| Current label |
Available |
| Current definition |
Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New label |
Date Available |
| New definition |
Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued
|
| Current label |
Issued |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New label |
Date Issued |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
|
| Current label |
Modified |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New label |
Date Modified |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/extent
|
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/format |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/medium
|
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/format |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isVersionOf
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation of the referenced resource. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. |
| New comment |
Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion
|
| Current definition |
The described resource has a version, edition, or adaptation, namely, the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReplacedBy
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/replaces
|
| Current definition |
The described resource supplants, displaces, or supersedes the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isRequiredBy
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is required by the referenced resource, either physically or logically. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that requires the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/requires
|
| Current definition |
The described resource requires the referenced resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence of content. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is required by the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is a physical or logical part of the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart
|
| Current definition |
The described resource includes the referenced resource either physically or logically. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReferencedBy
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/references
|
| Current definition |
The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the referenced resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/isFormatOf
|
| Current definition |
The described resource is the same intellectual content of the referenced resource, but presented in another format. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasFormat
|
| Current definition |
The described resource pre-existed the referenced resource, which is essentially the same intellectual content presented in another format. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo
|
| Current definition |
A reference to an established standard to which the resource conforms. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
An established standard to which the described resource conforms. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/relation |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial
|
| Current label |
Spatial |
| Current definition |
Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/coverage |
| New label |
Spatial Coverage |
| New definition |
Spatial characteristics of the resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/coverage |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal
|
| Current label |
Temporal |
| Current definition |
Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/coverage |
| New label |
Temporal Coverage |
| New definition |
Temporal characteristics of the resource. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/coverage |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/mediator
|
| Current comment |
The audiences for a resource are of two basic classes: (1) an ultimate beneficiary of the resource, and (2) frequently, an entity that mediates access to the resource. The mediator element refinement represents the second of these two classes. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| New comment |
In an educational context, a mediator might be a parent, teacher, teaching assistant, or care-giver. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateAccepted
|
| Current definition |
Date of acceptance of the resource (e.g. of thesis by university department, of article by journal, etc.). |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New definition |
Date of acceptance of the resource. |
| New comment |
Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateCopyrighted
|
| Current definition |
Date of a statement of copyright. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New definition |
Date of copyright. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateSubmitted
|
| Current definition |
Date of submission of the resource (e.g. thesis, articles, etc.). |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| New definition |
Date of submission of the resource. |
| New comment |
Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/date |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/educationLevel
|
| Current definition |
A general statement describing the education or training context. Alternatively, a more specific statement of the location of the audience in terms of its progression through an education or training context. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| New definition |
A class of entity, defined in terms of progression through an educational or training context, for which the described resource is intended. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/accessRights
|
| Current comment |
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other regulations. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights |
| New comment |
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other policies. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
|
| Current comment |
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible, whether or not the citation is in a standard form. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier |
| New comment |
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to identify the license using a URI. Examples of such licenses can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element-refinement |
| Current subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
| New subPropertyOf |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to use the URI or name of the Rights Holder to indicate the entity. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/provenance
|
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/instructionalMethod
|
| Current definition |
A process, used to engender knowledge, attitudes and skills, that the resource is designed to support. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New definition |
A process, used to engender knowledge, attitudes and skills, that the described resource is designed to support. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/accrualMethod
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to use a value from a controlled vocabulary. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/accrualPeriodicity
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to use a value from a controlled vocabulary. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/accrualPolicy
|
| Current comment |
Recommended best practice is to use a value from a controlled vocabulary. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element |
| New comment |
[comment deleted] |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/LCSH
|
| Current definition |
Library of Congress Subject Headings |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Library of Congress Subject Headings. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/MESH
|
| Current definition |
Medical Subject Headings |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Medical Subject Headings. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/DDC
|
| Current definition |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Dewey Decimal Classification. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/LCC
|
| Current definition |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Library of Congress Classification. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/UDC
|
| Current definition |
Universal Decimal Classification |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/DCMIType
|
| Current definition |
A list of types used to categorize the nature or genre of the content of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type |
| New definition |
The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or
genre of the resource. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/IMT
|
| Current definition |
The Internet media type of the resource. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format |
| New definition |
The set of media types specified by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO639-2
|
| Current definition |
ISO 639-2: Codes for the representation of names of languages. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language |
| New definition |
The three-letter alphabetic codes listed in ISO639-2 for the representation of names of languages. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/RFC1766
|
| Current definition |
Internet RFC 1766 'Tags for the identification of Language' specifies a two letter code taken from ISO 639, followed optionally by a two letter country code taken from ISO 3166. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language |
| New definition |
The set of tags, constructed according to RFC 1766, for the identification of languages. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/URI
|
| Current definition |
A URI Uniform Resource Identifier |
| Current see also |
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/relation |
| New definition |
The set of identifiers constructed according to the generic syntax for Uniform Resource Identifiers as
specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. |
| New see also |
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/Point
|
| Current definition |
The DCMI Point identifies a point in space using its geographic coordinates. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial |
| New definition |
The set of points in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Point Encoding Scheme. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO3166
|
| Current definition |
ISO 3166 Codes for the representation of names of countries |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial |
| New definition |
The set of codes listed in ISO 3166-1 for the representation of names of countries. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/Box
|
| Current definition |
The DCMI Box identifies a region of space using its geographic limits. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial |
| New definition |
The set of regions in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Box Encoding Scheme. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/TGN
|
| Current definition |
The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial |
| New definition |
The set of places specified by the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/Period
|
| Current definition |
A specification of the limits of a time interval. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal |
| New definition |
The set of time intervals defined by their limits according to the DCMI Period Encoding Scheme. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/W3CDTF
|
| Current definition |
W3C Encoding rules for dates and times - a profile based on ISO 8601 |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal |
| New definition |
The set of dates and times constructed according to the W3C Date and Time Formats Specification. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/RFC3066
|
| Current definition |
Internet RFC 3066 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' specifies a primary subtag which is a two-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 1 or a three-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 2, followed optionally by a two-letter country code taken from ISO 3166. When a language in ISO 639 has both a two-letter and three-letter code, use the two-letter code; when it has only a three-letter code, use the three-letter code. This RFC replaces RFC 1766. |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language |
| New definition |
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 3066 for the identification of languages. |
| New comment |
RFC 3066 has been obsoleted by RFC 4646. |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/NLM
|
| Current definition |
National Library of Medicine Classification |
| Current type of term |
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#encoding-scheme |
| Current "qualifies" |
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject |
| New definition |
The set of conceptual resources specified by the National Library of Medicine Classification. |
| New type of term |
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/RFC4646
|
| New label |
RFC 4646 |
| New definition |
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 4646 for the identification of languages. |
| New comment |
RFC 4646 obsoletes RFC 3066. |
| New see also |
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4646.txt |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO639-3
|
| New label |
ISO 639-3 |
| New definition |
The set of three-letter codes listed in ISO 639-3 for the representation of names of languages. |
| New see also |
http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/ |
| New type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype |
|
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/memberOf
|
| Current label |
Member Of |
| Current definition |
A relationship between a resource and a vocabulary encoding scheme which indicates that the resource is a member of a set. |
| Current see also |
http://dublincore.org/documents/2007/06/04/abstract-model/ |
| Current type of term |
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property |
|
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/VocabularyEncodingScheme
|
| Current label |
Vocabulary Encoding Scheme |
| Current definition |
An enumerated set of resources. |
| Current see also |
http://dublincore.org/documents/2007/06/04/abstract-model/ |
| Current type of term |
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class |
[DCAM]
Powell, Andy, Mikael Nilsson, Ambjörn Naeve, Pete Johnston and Thomas Baker. DCMI Abstract Model. DCMI Recommendation. June 2007.
http://dublincore.org/documents/2007/06/04/abstract-model/
[DC-RDF]
http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-rdf/
[DC-RDF-NOTES]
http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-rdf-notes/
[DCMES-CHANGES]
http://dublincore.org/usage/decisions/2006/2006-03.dcmes-changes.shtml
[DCTERMS]
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
[DCTERMS-HISTORY]
http://dublincore.org/usage/terms/history/
[DCTYPE]
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
[DCQ-RDF]
http://dublincore.org/documents/2002/05/15/dcq-rdf-xml/
[DOMAINS]
http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/01/14/domain-range/
[NAMESPACE]
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/
[NISOZ39-85]
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-85-2007.pdf
[PRINCIPLES]
http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/2007/12/03/principles/
[QUALIFIERS]
http://dublincore.org/documents/2000/07/11/dcmes-qualifiers/
Copyright © 1995-2012 DCMI. All Rights Reserved.
