DCMI: LRMI Terms (RDF) 2022-06-14

Title	LRMI Terms as RDF
Creator	LRMI Task Group
Editors	Phil Barker Stuart Sutton
Namespace Identifier	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
RDF/ttl encoding	http://dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/lrmi_terms/2022-06-14/lrmi-terms.ttl
Document Status	DCMI Community Specification
Document Identifier	http://dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/lrmi_terms/2022-06-14/
Date Issued	2022-06-14
Latest Version	http://www.dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/lrmi_terms/
Release History	https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/release-history/
Description	The LRMI™ specification is a collection of classes and properties for markup and description of educational resources. The specification builds on the extensive vocabulary provided by Schema.org and other standards. LRMI terms not included in schema.org may nevertheless be used to augment and enrich Schema.org markup.

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Index of Terms

Introduction & Definitions
Namespace
Classes
Properties
Version Changes
Schema History

Index of Terms in the /lrmi-terms/ Namespace

Classes
Properties

1. Introduction & Definitions

This document is an up to date specification in RDF of the LRMI 1.1 metadata terms maintained by the Dublin Core™ Metadata Initiative.

In the following term tables, each term is specified with the following minimal set of attributes:

Name:	A token appended to the URI of the LRMI namespace to create the URI of the term.
Label:	The human-readable label assigned to the term.
URI:	The Uniform Resource Identifier used to uniquely identify a term.
Definition:	A statement that represents the concept and essential nature of the term.
Type of Term:	The type of term—class or property.
Date Issued/Modified:	The date the term was created or modified.

Note: the labels provided here are not considered normative.

Where applicable, the following attributes provide additional information about a term:

Change Note:	Documents fine-grained changes to a concept, for the purposes of administration and maintenance (skos:changeNote).
Subproperty Of:	A property of which the described term is a subproperty.
Equivalent Property:	A property to which the described term is equivalent (owl:equivalentProperty).
Subclass Of:	A class of which the described term is a subclass.
Equivalent Class:	A class to which the described term is equivalent (owl:equivalentClass).
Has Domain:	Any resource that has a given property is [inferred to be] an instance of one or more classes (rdfs:domain).
Has Range:	The values of a property are [inferred to be] instances of one or more classes. (rdfs:range)
Domain Includes:	Relates a property to a class that is (one of) the type(s) the property is expected to be used on. (https://schema.org/domainIncludes).
Range Includes:	Relates a property to a class that constitutes (one of) the expected type(s) for values of the property. (https://schema.org/rangeIncludes).
Scope Note:	Supplies some, possibly partial, information about the intended meaning of a concept, especially as an indication of how the use of a concept is limited in indexing practice (skos:scopeNote).

The DCMI namespace for formal schemes and schemes of domain and practice communities is http://purl.org/dcx/. Specific community specifications will be in directories appended to the base community namespace. Thus, the http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/ URI will always resolve to the latest RDF version of the LRMI terms—i.e., the LRMI properties and classes. The URI http://dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/lrmi_terms/1.1/ permanently points to the LRMI schema as transferred to DCMI for stewardship.

The names of the latest version of specific properties and classes in the RDF namespace are resolved by appending the term to the LRMI base URI—i.e., http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/. Thus, the following LRMI term URI examples using the /dcx/ DCMI community space:

http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject
http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/typicalAgeRange

LRMI concept schemes that provide controlled vocabularies for use with the LRMI properties follow the same namespace pattern. For example, the LRMI value vocabulary for use with the lrmi:alignmentType property, the vocabulary is assigned the URI http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-vocabs/alignmentType/ with individual concepts URI such as http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-vocabs/alignmentType/educationalSubject.

3. Classes

AlignmentObject

Name	AlignmentObject
Label	Alignment Object
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject
Definition:	An intangible item that describes an alignment between a learning resource and a node in an educational framework.
Scope Note:	This class should not be used where the alignment can be described using a simple property, for example to express that a resource teaches or assesses a competency.
Type of Term:	rdfs:Class
Subclass Of:	schema:Intangible
Equivalent Class:	schema:AlignmentObject
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

EducationalAudience

Name	EducationalAudience
Label	Educational Audience
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/EducationalAudience
Definition:	An individual or group for whom the learning resource was created or useful.
Type of Term:	rdfs:Class
Subclass Of:	http://schema.org/Intangible
Equivalent Class:	http://schema.org/EducationalAudience
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

LearningResource

Name	LearningResource
Label	Learning Resource
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource
Definition:	A persistent resource that has one or more physical or digital representations, and that explicitly involves, specifies or entails a learning activity or learning experience.
Scope Note:	LearningResource is expected to be used as an addition to a primary type such as http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Book, https://schema.org/Video, http://purl.org/dc/terms/PhysicalResource etc.
Type of Term:	rdfs:Class
Subclass Of:	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Equivalent Class:	http://schema.org/LearningResource
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2020-11-12

4. Properties

alignmentType

Name:	alignmentType
Label:	Alignment Type
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/alignmentType
Definition:	A category of alignment between the learning resource and the framework node.
Scope Note:	Recommended values include: 'requires', 'textComplexity', 'readingLevel', and 'educationalSubject'.
Scope Note:	This property should not be used where the nature of the alignment can be described using a simple property, for example to express that a resource teaches or assesses a competency.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/alignmentType
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

assesses

Name:	assesses
Label:	Assesses
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/assesses
Definition:	The item being described is intended to assess the competency or learning outcome defined by the referenced term.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/assesses
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2020-11-12

educationalAlignment

Name:	educationalAlignment
Label:	Educational Alignment
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/educationalAlignment
Definition:	An alignment to an established educational framework.
Scope Note:	This property should not be used where the alignment can be described using a simple property, for example to express that a resource teaches or assesses a competency.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/educationalAlignment
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

educationalFramework

Name	educationalFramework
Label	Educational Framework
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/educationalFramework
Definition:	The framework to which the resource being described is aligned.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/educationalFramework
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

educationalLevel

Name:	educationalLevel
Label:	Educational Level
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/educationalLevel
Definition:	The level of a resource in terms of progression through an educational or training context.
Scope note:	Examples of educational levels include 'beginner', 'intermediate' or 'advanced', and formal sets of level indicators.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/educationalLevel
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2020-11-12

educationalRole

Name	educationalRole
Label	Educational Role
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/educationalRole
Definition:	The role that describes the target audience of the content.
Scope Note:	[The educational function assumed or part played by the group for whom the resource is intended.]
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/EducationalAudience http://schema.org/EducationalAudience
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/educationalRole
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

educationalUse

Name	educationalUse
Label:	Educational Use
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/educationalUse
Definition:	The purpose of a work in the context of education.
Scope Note:	For example, 'assignment', 'group work'.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/educationalUse
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

interactivityType

Name	interactivityType
Label	Interactivity Type
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/interactivityType
Label:	Interactivity Type
Definition:	The predominant mode of learning supported by the learning resource.
Scope Note:	Acceptable values are 'active', 'expositive', or 'mixed'.
Scope Note:	Based on, and mappable from, IEEE LOM 5.1: Interactivity Type.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/interactivityType
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

isBasedOnUrl

Name	isBasedOnUrl
Label	Is Based On
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/isBasedOnUrl
Definition:	A resource from which this work is derived or from which it is a modification or adaption.
Scope Note:	This term can be repeated for multiple sources.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/isBasedOnUrl http://schema.org/isBasedOn
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

learningResourceType

Name	learningResourceType
Label	Learning Resource Type
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/learningResourceType
Definition:	The predominant type or kind characterizing the learning resource.
Scope Note:	For example, 'presentation', 'handout'.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/learningResourceType
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

targetDescription

Name	targetDescription
Label	Target Description
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/targetDescription
Definition:	The description of a node in an established educational framework.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/targetDescription
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

targetName

Name	targetName
Label	Target Name
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/targetName
Definition:	The name of a node in an established educational framework.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/targetName
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

targetUrl

Name	targetURL
Label	Target URL
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/targetUrl
Definition:	The URL of a node in an established educational framework.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/AlignmentObject http://schema.org/AlignmentObject
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/targetUrl
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

teaches

Name:	teaches
Label:	Teaches
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/teaches
Definition:	The item being described is intended to help a person learn the competency or learning outcome defined by the referenced term.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/LearningResource http://schema.org/LearningResource http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://schema.org/DefinedTerm http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/teaches
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2020-11-12

timeRequired

Name	timeRequired
Label	Time Required
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/timeRequired
Definition:	Approximate or typical time it takes to work with or through this learning resource for the typical intended target audience.
Scope Note:	Based on, and mappable from, IEEE LOM 5.9: Typical Learning Time.
Scope Note:	For example, 'PT30M' and 'PT1H25M'
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://schema.org/Duration
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/timeRequired
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

typicalAgeRange

Name	typicalAgeRange
Label	Typical Age Range
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/typicalAgeRange
Definition:	The typical range of ages the content's intended end user.
Scope Note:	For example, '7-9', '18+'.
Scope Note:	Based on, and mappable from, IEEE LOM 5.7: Typical Age Range.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Domain Includes:	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string
Equivalent Property:	http://schema.org/typicalAgeRange
Is Defined By:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

useRightsUrl

Name	useRightsURL
Label	Use Rights URL
URI:	http://purl.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/useRightsUrl
Definition:	The URL where the owner specifies permissions for using the resource.
Scope Note:	For example: 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, & 'http://publisher.com/content-use-description'.
Type of Term:	rdf:Property
Subproperty Of:	http://schema.org/license
Domain Includes:	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
Range Includes:	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI
Date Issued:	2015-01-12

5. Version Changes

This update (2020-11-12):

Introduces the class of lrmi:LearningResource and adds it to the domain of the following properties:
lrmi:educationalAlignment
lrmi:educationalUse
lrmi:interactivityType
lrmi:learningResourceType.
updates the text explaining the namespace policy for controlled vocabularies to reflect that LRMI Concept Schemes now exist to provide these.
Introduces the property lrmi:assesses
Introduces the property lrmi:educationalLevel
Introduces the property lrmi:teaches.
Fixes a bug in lrmi:timeRequired which had the wrong domain declared in the ttl serialization.
Changes the label of isBasedOnUrl to Is Based On, clarifies its definition and shows it as equivalent to the schema:isBasedOn property.
Adds skos:Concept to rangeIncludes of those properties for which there is a suitable LRMI Concept Scheme.
Adds note that labels for terms are not considered normative.
Uses skos:scopeNotes instead of dcterms:description.
Uses skos:historyNote and skos:changeNote to record these changes.

6. Schema History

"Co-led by the Association of Educational Publishers --the 501(c)(3) division of the Association of American Publishers-- and Creative Commons, and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the LRMI has developed a common metadata framework for describing or 'tagging' learning resources on the web. This framework is a key first step in developing a richer, more fruitful search experience for educators and learners. ... The LRMI was spurred by the announcement in 2011 of Schema.org, a project by Bing, Google, and Yahoo! to create a standard way of tagging online content. ... The metadata schema developed by the LRMI was adopted by Schema.org in April 2013, meaning that anyone who publishes or curates educational content can now use LRMI markup to provide rich, education-specific metadata about their resources with the confidence that this metadata will be recognized by major search engines." — http://www.dublincore.org/about

Work on the LRMI specification began in 2011 with the creation of a LRMI Advisory Board, and a Technical Working Group charged with developing a community-based specification as the education extension for schema.org. Engagement of the broader education metadata community was handled during development through a Google Group. Stuart Sutton, DCMI Managing Director & DC-Education Community co-chair served on the Technical Working Group. Others on the Technical Working Group with close ties to DCMI include Dan Brickley (schema.org) and Phil Barker (Cetis, UK).

The Association of Educational Publishers (AEP) and Creative Commons (CC) have asked that stewardship of the LRMI specification be placed with DCMI at the September closure of Gates funding for LRMI development. From inception, the overall planning for the LRMI specification included the orderly transition of development outcomes from its grant-funded beginnings under the leadership of AEP and Creative Commons to a permanent context managed by an organization with the capacity to provide ongoing stewardship for long-term sustainability, access, and orderly future development. As the funded start-up phase of LRMI was coming to a close, an exploratory team comprised of representatives from AEP, Creative Commons, and the LRMI community was formed and has been actively and systematically engaged in evaluating an array of potential candidates for such stewardship. The exploratory team recommended DCMI because it's open community goals and processes are congruent with those that have emerged within LRMI during its short development history and because of DCMI's reputation and track record in development and principled stewardship of metadata specifications used in the Web context.

LRMI Terms (RDF) 2022-06-14

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